China’s ‘Great Firewall’ is a term used to describe the country’s internet censorship system. It is estimated that over half a billion people in China are subject to this internet restriction, preventing users from accessing certain information and websites and affecting the overall web performance. Since CDNs (Content Delivery Networks) help content being able to be quickly accessed worldwide, it is essential to consider how the Chinese government’s internet regulation will affect CDN performance.
I. Introduction
II. Background: Understanding the Great Firewall
III. Basics of CDN Performance
IV. Direct Impacts of the Great Firewall on CDNs
V. Indirect Impacts and the Broader Digital Ecosystem
VI. Overcoming the Challenges: Strategies for CDNs in China
VII. Case Studies
VIII. Conclusion
I. Introduction
The Great Firewall of China has become a major factor in the global digital ecosystem. It is a censor of online activities in China and an obstacle to global companies that wish to engage with a market. For those in the content delivery industry, it presents unique challenges that can negatively impact performance and user experience. This article will discuss the direct and indirect effects of the Great Firewall on CDNs, as well as strategies to overcome these challenges.
II. Background: Understanding the Great Firewall
The Great Firewall of China (GFW) is an Internet censorship system employed by the Chinese government to block access to websites and content that the government deems undesirable. It was first introduced in 1997 to regulate online content while primarily preventing access to sites deemed sensitive or subversive by the Chinese authorities. The GFW uses a combination of technologies such as deep packet inspection, URL filtering, DNS rewriting, and blocking IP addresses to control and monitor the flow of online traffic.
The primary objectives of the GFW are to ensure that certain undesirable content is not accessible in China, as well as to protect Chinese web users from malicious activities such as cyberattacks or phishing. As a result, the GFW can block or slow down access to certain websites, making it difficult for companies to reach their China market.
III. Basics of CDN Performance
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are distributed networks designed to optimize the delivery of digital content, such as webpages and videos. They use edge servers worldwide to cache the content of websites and other assets at multiple locations, allowing users to access them from nearby nodes instead of waiting for them to be transferred over long distances from the origin. This reduces latency and improves the user experience.
Various factors, such as network conditions, server configuration, and geographical distance, can impact CDN performance. Additionally, CDNs must be optimized for different types of content to deliver the best performance. For example, static files like images should be cached, while dynamic files like videos require streaming technologies to ensure smooth delivery and playback. These strategies must be balanced to guarantee optimal performance and user satisfaction.
IV. Direct Impacts of the Great Firewall on CDNs
The Great Firewall (GFW) of China can directly impact the performance of CDNs in several ways. Website blocking restricts access to certain foreign websites, hampering communication between CDN servers located inside and outside of China. Deep packet inspection further slows down content delivery speeds by inspecting and filtering unwanted data packets. Finally, the ICP licensing is also required to deliver content within Chinese borders, which further complicating CDN providers operating in the country for global businesses.
V. Indirect Impacts and the Broader Digital Ecosystem
Aside from the direct impacts on CDN performance, the GFW’s effects can also be seen in China’s broader digital landscape. DNS poisoning is a common tool the Chinese government uses to block access to certain websites and disrupt communication between server locations. This hampers CDN operations by making it difficult to establish secure connections between clients and servers. It also affects the performance of SSL/TLS handshakes and encrypted content delivery, as these protocols must be configured correctly to work properly. Finally, caching strategies must be adapted to account for the latency caused by the GFW’s restrictions on content delivery to China. These additional considerations further complicate CDN operations in the country.
VI. Overcoming the Challenges: Strategies for CDNs in China
CDN providers must take proactive approaches to circumvent the challenges the GFW poses. Working with local CDN partners can help extend an organization’s reach into China and reduce latency. Additionally, being aware of Chinese regulations and adhering to them is essential for smooth content delivery. Adaptive content delivery techniques should be implemented to tailor content delivery to the Chinese digital landscape. Finally, continuous monitoring and adjustment should be done in response to GFW updates to ensure that content delivery remains optimized despite any changes. By taking these steps, CDN providers can help ensure optimal performance for their customers delivering content in China.
VII. Case Studies
Case studies can provide valuable insight into effective strategies for navigating the GFW. Several global businesses have successfully deployed CDN networks optimized for China, allowing them to deliver content quickly and efficiently. Some of these companies have implemented techniques such as geo-targeting, and accelerated edge caching to deliver content faster and more reliably. On the other hand, some organizations have faced significant content delivery challenges due to the Firewall. In these cases, businesses often responded with strategies such as setting up localized servers, collaborating with local CDN providers, and ensuring their content adheres to Chinese regulations. By studying these case studies, companies can better understand best practices for navigating the Great Firewall of China.
VIII. Conclusion
The Great Firewall of China plays a significant role in shaping the digital landscape and impacting the performance of CDN providers when deliver in the country. It can impact content delivery speeds through website blocking, deep packet inspection, and other methods. Additionally, it indirectly affects the broader digital ecosystem by influencing user behavior and expectations. Global businesses must take proactive approaches and implement strategies tailored to the Chinese digital environment to overcome these challenges. This includes working with local CDN partners, adhering to regulations, and utilizing adaptive content delivery techniques. By studying successful case studies, organizations can gain valuable insight into best practices for navigating the Great Firewall of China. Ultimately, CDN providers that use these strategies will be able to ensure optimal performance in the face of the GFW’s restrictions.
Companies looking to optimize their CDN performance in China must have a comprehensive strategy for navigating the Great Firewall. EdgeNext can help organizations develop and implement such strategies through our specialized services tailored toward the Chinese digital environment. Our team of experts can assist with website blocking, traffic inspection, data localization, ICP licensing, and more. Contact us today for more information on how we can help with your CDN needs in China.
Reference:
Hoang, Nguyen Phong. How Great is the Great Firewall? Measuring China’s DNS Censorship. USENIX Security ’21. https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity21/presentation/hoang
Adam Casey, University of Minnesota, Morris .Climbing China’s Great Firewall https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/horizons/vol5/iss2/2/
Moshikoo, M. Cache Strategies. Medium. https://medium.com/@mmoshikoo/cache-strategies-996e91c80303
EdgeNext. ICP License in China. https://www.edgenext.com/icp-license/